House mouse
The house mouse (Mus musculus) is a small rodent, a mouse, one of the most numerous species of the genus Mus.
As a wild animal the house mouse mainly lives associated with humans, causing damage to crops and stored food.
The house mouse has been domesticated as the pet or fancy mouse, and as the laboratory mouse which is one of the most important model organisms in biology and medicine. It is by far the most commonly used genetically altered laboratory mammal.[2]
Characteristics
House mice have an adult body length (nose to base of tail) of 7.5–10 cm (3.0–3.9 in) and a tail length of 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in). The weight is typically 10–25 g (0.4–0.9 oz). They vary in colour from white to grey, and light brown to black. They have short hair and a light belly. The ears and tail have little hair. The hind feet are short compared to Apodemus mice, only 15–19 mm (0.59–0.75 in) long; the normal gait is a run with a stride of about 4.5 cm (1.8 in), though they can jump up to 45 cm (18 in). The droppings are blackish, about 3 mm (0.12 in) long, and have a strong musty smell. The voice is a high-pitched squeak.[3][4]
House mice thrive under a variety of conditions: they are found in and around homes and commercial structures as well as in open fields and agricultural lands. House mice consume and contaminate food meant for humans, pets, livestock, or other animals. In addition, they often cause considerable damage to structures and property. They can transmit pathogens that cause diseases such as salmonellosis, a form of food poisoning.[5]
Reconstructed image of a House Mouse skull.
Young males and females are not easily distinguished: females have a significantly smaller distance between their anus and genital opening. Females have 5 pairs of mammary glands and nipples; males have no nipples. When sexually mature, the most striking and obvious difference is the presence of testicles on the males. These are large compared to the rest of the body and can be retracted into the body. In addition to the regular pea-size thymus organ in the chest, house mice have a second functional pinhead-size thymus organ in the neck next to the trachea.[6]
Subspecies
There are three widely accepted subspecies, increasingly treated as distinct species:[7][8]
- Mus musculus castaneus (southern and southeastern Asia *PHOTO)
- Mus musculus domesticus (western Europe, southwestern Asia, Americas, Africa, and Oceania)
- Mus musculus musculus (eastern Europe and northern Asia)
Two additional subspecies have been more recently recognized:[8]
- Mus musculus bactrianus (central Asia)
- Mus musculus gentilulus (Arabian Peninsula; Madagascar)[9]
Many more names have been given to house mice, but are now regarded as synonyms of other subspecies. Some populations are hybrids of different subspecies, including the Japanese house mouse ("molosinus").[8][10]
Behavior
Eating
House mice usually run, walk or stand on all fours; but when eating, fighting or orienting themselves, they stand only on the hind legs, supported by the tail. When running the horizontal tail serves for balance; the end stands up vertically, unless the mouse is frightened. Mice are good jumpers, climbers, and swimmers.
Mice are mostly active during dusk or night; they do not like bright lights. They have an instinctual fear of so-called "black lighting" and strobe lighting, which leads to a common method of controlling mice in the home. They live in a wide variety of hidden places that are near food sources and construct nests from various soft materials. Mice are territorial and one dominant male usually lives together with several females and young. Dominant males respect each other's territory and normally enter another's territory only if it is vacant. If two or more males are held together in a cage, they will often turn aggressive unless they have been raised together from birth.
House mice primarily feed on plant matter, but they will also accept meat and dairy products. Although they are generally known to like fruits, they are repelled by the scent of many varieties of artificial fruit scent, for example strawberry or vanilla-scented candles. The reason for this is unknown, although it dates back to antiquity when Roman Senators used candles scented with strawberry oils to keep mice out of their sleeping chambers. They will drink water but require little of it, relying mainly on the moisture present in their food. They will eat their droppings to acquire nutrients produced by bacteria in their intestines. House mice, like other rodents, do not vomit.
Mice are afraid of rats, which often kill and (partially) eat them. This rat behaviour is known as muricide. Despite this behaviour free-living populations of rats and mice do exist together in forest areas in New Zealand, North America and elsewhere. House mice are generally poor competitors and in most areas cannot survive away from human settlements in areas where other small mammals, such as wood mice, are present.[11] However in some areas (such as Australia) mice are able to co-exist with other small rodent species.[12]
Senses and communication
As primarily nocturnal animals, house mice have little or no colour vision. They have a sharp sense of hearing and can perceive ultrasound, possibly up to 100 kHz. They communicate both in the human audible range with squeaks (for long-distance warnings), and in the ultrasound range (for short-distance communication).
House mice also rely on pheromones for social communication, some of which are produced by the preputial glands of both sexes. The tear fluid and urine of male mice also contains pheromones, such as major urinary proteins.[13][14] Mice detect pheromones mainly with the vomeronasal organ (Jacobson's organ), located at the bottom of the nose.
The urine of house mice, especially that of males, has a characteristic strong odor. At least ten different compounds such as alkanes, alcohols, etc. are detectable in the urine. Among the ten, five compounds are specific to males, namely 3-cyclohexene-1-methanol, Aminotriazole (3-amino-s-triazole), 4-ethyl phenol, 3-ethyl-2,7-dimethyl octane and 1-iodoundecane.[15]
Mice can sense surfaces and air movements with their whiskers.
Life cycle and reproduction
A 7 day old mouse suckling on an anaesthetized mother.
A baby mouse, 4 days old.
2 weeks old, just about to open its eyes.
Female house mice have an estrous cycle that is 4–6 days long, with estrus itself lasting less than a day. If several females are held together under crowded conditions they will often not have an estrus at all. If they are then exposed to male urine, they will become estrous after 72 hours.
Male house mice court females by emitting characteristic ultrasonic calls in the 30 kHz - 110 kHz range. The calls are most frequent during courtship when the male is sniffing and following the female; however, the calls continue after mating has begun at which time the calls are coincident with mounting behaviour. Males can be induced to emit these calls by female pheromones. The vocalizations appear to be different in different individuals and have been compared to birdsongs because of their complexity.[16] While females have the capability to produce ultrasonic calls, they typically do not do so during mating behaviour.
Following copulation, female mice will normally develop a vaginal plug which prevents further copulation. This plug stays in place for some 24 hours. The gestation period is about 19–21 days, and they give birth to a litter of 3-14 young (average 6-8). One female can have some 5-10 litters per year, so their population can increase very quickly. Breeding occurs throughout the year (however, animals living in the wild don't reproduce in the colder months, even though they don't hibernate). The newborn are blind and without fur. Fur starts to grow some three days after birth and the eyes open one to two weeks after birth. Females reach sexual maturity at about 6 weeks and males at about 8 weeks, but both can breed as early as five weeks.
House mice usually live under a year in the wild. This is due to a high level of predation and exposure to harsh environments. In protected environments, however, they often live two to three years. The Methuselah Mouse Prize is a competition to breed or engineer extremely long-lived laboratory mice. As of 2005[update], the record holder was a genetically engineered mouse that lived for 1819 days; nearly five years. Another record holder that was kept in a stimulating environment but did not receive any genetic, pharmacological or dietary treatment lived for 1551 days; over four years.
Mice and humans
House mice usually live in proximity to humans, in or around houses or fields. Originally native to Asia (probably northern India),[17] they spread to the Mediterranean Basin about 8000 BC, only spreading into the rest of Europe around 1000 BC.[18] This time lag is thought to be because the mice require agrarian human settlements above a certain size.[18] They have since been spread to all parts of the globe by humans.
Many studies have been done on mouse phylogenies to reconstruct early human movements. For example one study showed a previously unsuspected early link between Denmark and Madeira on the basis of the origin of the Madeiran mice.[19]
An individually ventilated and sealed cage for laboratory mice
House mice can transmit diseases, and can damage food and food packaging. Some of the diseases the house mouse carries can be deadly; for example, Murine typhus, Rickettsialpox, Tularemia, and the Bubonic plague . These mice can be very dangerous to people if they contaminate anything in their houses, especially food. It is also possible for wild house mice to transmit rabies, therefore a wild house mouse should never be handled. They can also cause substantial damage when feeding on grain. It is thought that house mice were the primary reason for the taming of the domestic cat. Various mousetraps have been developed to catch mice. Generally, rats are more harmful to humans than mice.
The first written reference to mice kept as pets occurs in the Erya, the oldest extant Chinese dictionary, from a mention in an 1100 B.C. version.[20] Human domestication led to numerous strains of "fancy" or hobby mice with a variety of colours and a docile temperament.[21] Domestic varieties of the house mouse called "feeder" mice are also used as food for some carnivorous pet reptiles, arthropods and fish. Mice bred for this purpose are genetically identical to other domestic mice, and can be kept as pets themselves.[21]
Mice as an invasive species
Gough Island in the South Atlantic is used by 20 species of seabird for breeding, including almost all of the world's Tristan Albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) and Atlantic Petrel (Pterodroma incerta). Until house mice arrived on the island in the 19th century with seamen, the birds did not have any mammalian predators. The mice have since grown unusually large and have learned to attack albatross chicks, which can be nearly one metre tall but are largely immobile, by working in groups and gnawing on them until they bleed to death. The estimated 700,000 mice on the island kill a total of over one million bird chicks per year.[22]
Laboratory mice
Mice are the most commonly used animal research model with hundreds of established inbred, outbred, and transgenic strains. In the United States, they are not regulated under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) administered by the USDA APHIS. However, the Public Health Service Act (PHS) as administered by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) does offer a standard for care and use. Compliance with PHS is required in order to receive federal funding. PHS Policy is administered by the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW). Many academic research institutes seek accreditation voluntarily, often through Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC), which maintains the standards of care found within The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the PHS Policy. This accreditation is voluntary not a prerequisite for federal funding.[23]
Mice are common experimental animals in biology and psychology; primarily because they are mammals, are relatively easy to maintain and handle, reproduce quickly, and share a high degree of homology with humans. The mouse genome has been sequenced, and many mouse genes have human homologues.
In addition to being small, relatively inexpensive, and easily maintained, there are further benefits to the use of mice in laboratory research. Because mice can reproduce quickly, several generations of mice can be observed in a relatively short period of time.[24]
Most laboratory mice are hybrids of different subspecies, most commonly of Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculus. Laboratory mice come in a variety of coat colours including agouti, black and albino. Many (but not all) laboratory strains are inbred, so as to make them genetically almost identical. The different strains are identified with specific letter-digit combinations; for example C57BL/6 and BALB/c.
The first such inbred strains were produced by Clarence Cook Little in 1909. Little was influential in promoting the mouse as a laboratory organism.[25]
Albino lab mice
Genome
Sequencing of the mouse genome was completed in late 2002. The haploid genome is about three billion bases long (3000 Mb distributed over 20 chromosomes) and therefore equal to the size of the human genome.[26] Estimating the number of genes contained in the mouse genome is difficult, in part because the definition of a gene is still being debated and extended. The current estimated gene count is 23,786.[27] This estimate takes into account knowledge of molecular biology as well as comparative genomic data. For comparison, humans are estimated to have 23,686 genes.[28]
Mutant and transgenic strains
A knockout mouse (left) that is a model of obesity, compared with a normal mouse.
Various mutant strains of mice have been created by a number of methods:
- Mice resulting from ordinary breeding.
- NOD mice, which develop diabetes mellitus type 1.
- MRL mice, mice with unusual regenerative capacities.[29]
- "Waltzing" mice, which walk in a circular pattern due to a mutation adversely affecting their inner ear.
- Immunodeficient nude mice, lacking hair and a thymus. The mice don't produce T lymphocytes and therefore don't mount cellular immune responses. They are used for research in immunology and transplantation.
- Severe Combined Immunodeficient or SCID mice, with an almost completely defective immune system.
- Transgenic mice, with foreign genes inserted into their genome.
- Abnormally large mice, with an inserted rat growth hormone gene.
- Oncomice, with an activated oncogene, so as to significantly increase the incidence of cancer.
- Doogie mice, with enhanced NMDA receptor function, resulting in improved memory and learning.
- Knockout mice, where a specific gene was made inoperable by a technique known as gene knockout; the purpose is to study the function of the gene's product or to simulate a human disease.
- Fat mice, prone to obesity due to a carboxypeptidase E-deficiency.
- Strong muscular mice, with a disabled myostatin gene, nicknamed "mighty mice."
Since 1998, it has been possible to clone mice from cells derived from adult animals.
Notes
- ↑ Musser G, Amori G, Hutterer R, Kryštufek B, Yigit N & Mitsain G (2008). Mus musculus. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 10 October 2008.
- ↑ the National Centre for Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction of Animals in Research
- ↑ Lyneborg L (1971). Mammals of Europe. Blandford Press.
- ↑ Lawrence MJ, & Brown RW (1974). Mammals of Britain Their Tracks, Trails and Signs. Blandford Press.
- ↑ 12
- ↑ Terszowski G et al., G (2006-03-02). "Evidence for a Functional Second Thymus in Mice". Science 312 (5771): 284. doi:10.1126/science.1123497. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16513945.
- ↑ Mitchell-Jones AJ, Amori G, Bogdanowicz W, Krystufek B, Reijnders PJH, Spitzenberger F, Stubbe M, Thissen JBM, Vohralik V, & Zima J (1999). The Atlas of European Mammals. T. & A. D. Poyser. ISBN 0856611301.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Musser and Carleton, 2005
- ↑ Prager EM, Orrego C and Sage RD (1998). "Genetic variation and phylogeography of Central Asian and other house mice, including a major new mitochondrial lineage in Yemen". Genetics 150 (2): 835–861. PMID 9755213.
- ↑ Bonhomme F, Miyashita N, Boursot, Catalan J and Moriwaki K (1989). "Genetic variation and polyphyletic origin in Japanese Mus musculus". Heredity 63: 299–308. doi:10.1038/hdy.1989.102. PMID 2613534.
- ↑ Tattersall FH, Smith RH & Nowell F (1997). "Experimental colonization of contrasting habitats by house mice". Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 62: 350–358.
- ↑ Moro D and Morris K (2000). "Movements and refugia of Lakeland Downs short-tailed mice, Leggadina lakedownensis, and house mice, Mus domesticus, on Thevenard Island, Western Australia". Wildlife Research 27: 11–20. doi:10.1071/WR99016.
- ↑ Kimoto, H; Haga, S; Sato, K; Touhara, K (Oct 2005). "Sex-specific peptides from exocrine glands stimulate mouse vomeronasal sensory neurons". Nature 437 (7060): 898–901. doi:10.1038/nature04033. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16208374. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v437/n7060/abs/nature04033.html.
- ↑ Chamero P, Marton TF, Logan DW, et al., P (December 2007). "Identification of protein pheromones that promote aggressive behaviour". Nature 450 (7171): 899–902. doi:10.1038/nature05997. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 18064011.
- ↑ Achiraman S & Archunan G, S (Dec 2002). "Characterization of urinary volatiles in Swiss male mice (Mus musculus): bioassay of identified compounds". J Biosci 27 (7): 679–86. doi:10.1007/BF02708376. ISSN 0250-5991. PMID 12571373.
- ↑ Holy, TE; Guo, Z (Dec 2005). "Ultrasonic Songs of Male Mice". PLoS Biol 3 (12): e386. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030386. ISSN 1544-9173. PMID 16248680. PMC 1275525. http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030386.
- ↑ Boursot P, Din W, Anand R, Darviche D, Dod B, Von Deimling F, Talwar GP and Bonhomme F (1996). "Origin and radiation of the house mouse: mitochondrial DNA phylogeny". Journal of Evolutionary Biology 9: 391–415. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1996.9040391.x.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Cucci T, Vigne J-D and Auffray J-C (2005). "First occurrence of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus Schwarz & Schwarz, 1943) in the Western Mediterranean: a zooarchaeological revision of subfossil occurrences". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 84: 429–445. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00445.x.
- ↑ Gündüz I, Auffray J-C, Britton-Davidian J, Catalan J, Ganem G, Ramalhinho MG, Mathias ML and Searle JB (2001). "Molecular studies on the colonization of the Madeiran archipelago by house mice". Molecular Ecology 10 (8): 2023–2029. doi:10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01346.x. PMID 11555245.
- ↑ American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 the Rat and Mouse Club of America
- ↑ Wanless RM, Angel A, Cuthbert RJ, Hilton GM & Ryan PG. "Can predation by invasive mice drive seabird extinctions?". Biology Letters 3. http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/content/110824/.
- ↑ "Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare: PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals". Grants.nih.gov. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/references/phspol.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ "MGI - Biology of the Laboratory Mouse". Informatics.jax.org. http://www.informatics.jax.org/greenbook/frames/frame11.shtml. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ "C. C. Little, Cancer and Inbred Mice - Crow 161 (4): 1357". Genetics. 2002-08-01. http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/full/161/4/1357. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ No items found - Books Results
- ↑ Ensembl gene build 47, based upon NCBI assembly m37, Apr 2007
- ↑ Ensembl gene build 47, based upon NCBI assembly 36, Oct 2005
- ↑ "JAX Mice Database - 002983 MRL.CBAJms-Fas/J". Jaxmice.jax.org. http://jaxmice.jax.org/strain/002983.html. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
References
- Musser, G.G. and Carleton, M.D. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp. 894–1531 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0
- Nyby J. (2001) Auditory communication in adults. Chapter 1 in Handbook of Mouse Auditory Research: From Behavior to Molecular Biology. James F. Willott, Ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 2001, 3-18.
External links
Taxonomy
Genetics
Media
Further reading
Extant species of subfamily Murinae |
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Kingdom: Animalia · Phylum: Chordata · Class: Mammalia · Superorder: Euarchontoglires · Order: Rodentia · Family: Muridae |
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Aethomys, Apodemus, Arvicanthis, Chrotomys divisions |
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Aethomys
Division |
Aethomys
(Bush rats)
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Bocage's Rock Rat (A. bocagei) · Red Rock Rat (A. chrysophilus) · Grant's Rock Rat (A. (Micaelamys) granti) · Hinde's Rock Rat (A. hindei) · Tete Veld Aethomys (A. ineptus) · Kaiser's Rock Rat (A. kaiseri) · Namaqua Rock Rat (A. (Micaelamys) namaquensis) · Nyika Rock Rat (A. nyikae) · Silinda Rock Rat (A. silindensis) · Tinfields Rock Rat (A. stannarius) · Thomas's Rock Rat (A. thomasi)
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Apodemus
Division |
Apodemus
(Old world
field mice)
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Striped Field Mouse ( A. agrarius) · Alpine Field Mouse ( A. alpicola) · Small Japanese Field Mouse ( A. argenteus) · A. avicennicus · Chevrier's Field Mouse ( A. chevrieri) · South China Field Mouse ( A. draco) · Yellow-necked Mouse ( A. flavicollis) · Himalayan Field Mouse ( A. gurkha) · Caucasus Field Mouse ( A. hyrcanicus) · Sichuan Field Mouse ( A. latronum) · Pygmy Field Mouse ( A. microps) · Broad-toothed Field Mouse ( A. mystacinus) · Western Broad-toothed Field Mouse ( A. (mystacinus) epimelas) · Ward's Field Mouse ( A. pallipes) · Korean Field Mouse ( A. peninsulae) · Black Sea Field Mouse ( A. ponticus) · Kashmir Field Mouse ( A. rusiges) · Taiwan Field Mouse ( A. semotus) · Large Japanese Field Mouse ( A. speciosus) · Wood Mouse (A. sylvaticus) · Ural Field Mouse ( A. uralensis ) · Steppe Field Mouse ( A. witherbyi)
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Tokudaia
(Ryukyu spiny rats)
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Muennink's Spiny Rat (T. muenninki) · Ryukyu Spiny Rat (T. osimensis) · Tokunoshima Spiny Rat (T. tokunoshimensis)
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Arvicanthis
Division |
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Arvicanthis
(Unstriped
grass mice)
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Abyssinian Grass Rat (A. abyssinicus) · Sudanian Grass Rat (A. ansorgei) · Blick's Grass Rat (A. blicki) · Nairobi Grass Rat (A. nairobae) · Neumann's Grass Rat (A. neumanni) · African Grass Rat (A. niloticus) · Guinean Grass Rat (A. rufinus)
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Desmomys
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Harrington's Rat (D. harringtoni) · Yalden's Rat (D. yaldeni)
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Lemniscomys
(Striped
grass mice)
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Barbary Striped Grass Mouse (L. barbarus) · Bellier's Striped Grass Mouse (L. bellieri) · Griselda's Striped Grass Mouse (L. griselda) · Hoogstral's Striped Grass Mouse (L. hoogstraali) · Senegal One-striped Grass Mouse (L. linulus) · Buffoon Striped Grass Mouse (L. macculus) · Mittendorf's Striped Grass Mouse (L. mittendorfi) · Single-striped Grass Mouse (L. rosalia) · Rosevear's Striped Grass Mouse (L. roseveari) · Typical Striped Grass Mouse (L. striatus) · Heuglin's Striped Grass Mouse (L. zebra)
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Mylomys
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African Groove-toothed Rat (M. dybowskii) · M. rex
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Pelomys
(Groove-toothed
creek rats)
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Bell Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (P. campanae) · Creek Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (P. fallax) · Hopkins's Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (P. hopkinsi) · Issel's Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (P. isseli) · Least Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (P. minor)
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Rhabdomys
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R. dilectus · Four-Striped Grass Mouse (R. pumilio)
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Chrotomys
Division |
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Apomys
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Luzon Cordillera Forest Mouse (A. abrae) · Camiguin Forest Mouse (A. camiguinensis) · Luzon Montane Forest Mouse (A. datae) · Large Mindoro Forest Mouse (A. gracilirostris) · Mount Apo Forest Mouse (A. hylocoetes) · Mindanao Montane Forest Mouse (A. insignis) · Mindanao Lowland Forest Mouse (A. littoralis) · Small Luzon Forest Mouse (A. microdon) · Least Forest Mouse (A. musculus) · Long-nosed Luzon Forest Mouse (A. sacobianus)
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Archboldomys
(Mount Isarog
shrew rats)
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Mount Isarog Shrew Mouse (A. luzonensis) · Sierra Madre Shrew Mouse (A. musseri) · Cordillera Shrew-mouse (A. kalinga)
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Chrotomys
(Luzon
striped rats)
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Luzon Striped Rat (C. whiteheadi) · Mindoro Striped Rat (C. mindorensis) · Isarog Striped Shrew-Rat (C. gonzalesi) · Blazed Luzon Shrew Rat (C. silaceus) · Sibuyan Striped Shrew Rat (C. sibuyanensis)
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Rhynchomys
(Shrewlike rats)
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Banahao Shrew Rat (R. banahao) · Isarog Shrewlike Rat (R. isarogensis) · Mount Data Shrew Rat (R. soricoides) · Tapulao Shrew Rat (R. tapulao)
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Colomys, Crunomys, Dacnomys, Dasymys, Dasymys, Echiothrix, Golunda divisions |
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Colomys
Division |
Colomys
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African Wading Rat (C. goslingi)
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Nilopegamys
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Ethiopian Amphibious Rat (N. plumbeus)
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Zelotomys
(Stink mice)
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Hildegarde's Broad-Headed Mouse (Z. hildegardeae) · Woosnam's Broad-Headed Mouse (Z. woosnami)
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Crunomys
Division |
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Crunomys
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Celebes Shrew Rat (C. celebensis) · Northern Luzon Shrew Rat (C. fallax) · Mindanao Shrew Rat (C. melanius) · Katanglad Shrew Mouse (C. suncoides)
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Sommeromys
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Sommer’s Sulawesi Rat (S. macrorhinos)
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Dacnomys
Division |
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Anonymomys
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Mindoro Climbing Rat (A. mindorensis)
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Chiromyscus
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Fea's Tree Rat (C. chiropus)
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Dacnomys
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Millard's Rat (D. millardi)
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Leopoldamys
(Long-tailed
giant rats)
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Sundaic Mountain Long-tailed Giant Rat (L. ciliatus) · Edwards's Long-tailed Giant Rat (L. edwardsi) · Millet's Long-tailed Giant Rat (L. milleti) · Neill's Long-tailed Giant Rat (L. neilli) · Long-tailed Giant Rat (L. sabanus) · Mentawai Long-tailed Giant Rat (L. siporanus)
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Niviventer
(White-bellied rats)
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Anderson's White-bellied Rat (N. andersoni) · Brahma White-bellied Rat (N. brahma) · Cameron Highlands White-bellied Rat (N. cameroni) · Chinese White-bellied Rat (N. confucianus) · Coxing's White-bellied Rat (N. coninga) · Dark-tailed Tree Rat (N. cremoriventer) · Oldfield White-bellied Rat (N. culturatus) · Smoke-bellied Rat (N. eha) · Large White-bellied Rat (N. excelsior) · Montane Sumatran White-bellied Rat (N. fraternus) · Chestnut White-bellied Rat (N. fulvescens) · Limestone Rat (N. hinpoon) · Lang Bian White-bellied Rat (N. langbianis) · Narrow-tailed White-bellied Rat (N. lepturus) · Hainan White-bellied Rat (N. lotipes) · White-bellied Rat (N. niviventer) · Long-tailed Mountain Rat (N. rapit) · Tenasserim White-bellied Rat (N. tenaster)
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Saxatilomys
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Paulina’s Limestone Rat (S. paulinae)
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Srilankamys
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Ohiya Rat (S. ohiensis)
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Tonkinomys
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Daovantien’s Limestone Rat (T. daovantieni)
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Dasymys
Division |
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Dasymys
(Shaggy
swamp rats)
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Glover Allen's Shaggy Rat (D. alleni) · Crawford-Cabral's Shaggy Rat (D. cabrali) · Fox's Shaggy Rat (D. foxi) · African Marsh Rat (D. incomtus) · Montane Shaggy Rat (D. montanus) · Angolan Marsh Rat (D. nudipes) · Robert's Shaggy Rat (D. robertsii) · West African Shaggy Rat (D. rufulus) · Rwandan Shaggy Rat (D. rwandae) · D. shortridgei · Tanzanian Shaggy Rat (D. sua)
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Echiothrix
Division |
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Echiothrix
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Central Sulawesi Spiny Rat (E. centrosa) · Sulawesi Spiny Rat (E. leucura)
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Golunda
Division |
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Golunda
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Indian Bush Rat (G. ellioti)
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Hadromys, Hybomys, Hydromys, Lorentzimys, Malacomys, Maxomys divisions |
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Hadromys
Division |
Hadromys
(Manipur Bush Rat)
|
Manipur Bush Rat (H. humei) · H. loujacobsi · Yunnan Bush Rat (H. yunnanensis)
|
|
|
Hybomys
Division |
Dephomys
(Defua rats)
|
Defua Rat (D. defua) · Ivory Coast Rat (D. eburneae)
|
|
Hybomys
(Hump-nosed mice)
|
Eisentraut's Striped Mouse (H. badius) · Father Basilio's Striped Mouse (H. basilii) · Moon Striped Mouse (H. lunaris) · Miller's Striped Mouse (H. planifrons) · Temminck's Striped Mouse (H. trivirgatus) · Peters's Striped Mouse (H. univittatus)
|
|
Stochomys
|
Target Rat (S. longicaudatus)
|
|
|
Hydromys
Division |
|
Baiyankamys
|
Mountain Water Rat (B. habbema) · Shaw Mayer's Water Rat (B. shawmayeri)
|
|
Crossomys
|
Earless Water Rat (C. moncktoni)
|
|
Hydromys
(Water rats)
|
Rakali (H. chrysogaster) · Western Water Rat (H. hussoni) · New Britain Water Rat (H. neobrittanicus) · Ziegler's Water Rat (H. ziegleri)
|
|
Microhydromys
|
Southern Groove-toothed Shrew Mouse (M. argenteus) · Northern Groove-toothed Shrew Mouse (M. richardsoni)
|
|
Parahydromys
|
New Guinea Waterside Rat (P. asper)
|
|
Paraleptomys
|
Northern Water Rat (P. rufilatus) · Short-haired Water Rat (P. wilhelmina)
|
|
|
Lorentzimys
Division |
|
Lorentzimys
|
New Guinean Jumping Mouse (L. nouhuysi)
|
|
|
Malacomys
Division |
|
Malacomys
(Big-eared swamp rats)
|
Cansdale's Swamp Rat (M. cansdalei) · Edward's Swamp Rat (M. edwardsi) · Big-eared Swamp Rat (M. longipes)
|
|
|
Maxomys
Division |
|
Maxomys
(Rajah rats)
|
Mountain Spiny Rat (M. alticola) · Small Spiny Rat (M. baeodon) · Bartels's Spiny Rat (M. bartelsii) · Dollman's Spiny Rat (M. dollmani) · Hellwald's Spiny Rat (M. hellwaldii) · Sumatran Spiny Rat (M. hylomyoides) · Malayan Mountain Spiny Rat (M. inas) · Fat-Nosed Spiny Rat (M. inflatus) · Mo's Spiny Rat (M. moi) · Musschenbroek's Spiny Rat (M. musschenbroekii) · Chestnut-Bellied Spiny Rat (M. ochraceiventer) · Pagai Spiny Rat (M. pagensis) · Palawan Spiny Rat (M. panglima) · Rajah Spiny Rat (M. rajah) · Red Spiny Rat (M. surifer) · Watts's Spiny Rat (M. wattsi) · Whitehead's Spiny Rat (M. whiteheadi)
|
|
|
|
|
Melasmothrix, Micromys, Millardia, Mus divisions |
|
Melasmothrix
Division |
Melasmothrix
|
Sulawesian Shrew Rat (M. naso)
|
|
Tateomys
(Greater Sulawesian
shrew rats)
|
Long-tailed Shrew Rat (T. macrocercus) · Tate's Shrew Rat (T. rhinogradoides)
|
|
|
Micromys
Division |
Chiropodomys
(Pencil-tailed
tree mice)
|
Palawan Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (C. calamianensis) · Indomalayan Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (C. gliroides) · Koopman's Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (C. karlkoopmani) · Large Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (C. major) · Gray-bellied Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (C. muroides) · Small Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (C. pusillus)
|
|
Haeromys
(Pygmy tree mice)
|
Ranee Mouse (H. margarettae) · Minahassa Ranee Mouse (H. minahassae) · Lesser Ranee Mouse (H. pusillus)
|
|
Hapalomys
(Marmoset rats)
|
Delacour's Marmoset Rat (H. delacouri) · Marmoset Rat (H. longicaudatus)
|
|
Micromys
|
Harvest Mouse (M. minutus)
|
|
Vandeleuria
(Long-tailed
climbing mice)
|
Nilgiri Long-tailed Tree Mouse (V. nilagirica) · Nolthenius's Long-tailed Climbing Mouse (V. nolthenii) · Asiatic Long-tailed Climbing Mouse (V. oleracea)
|
|
Vernaya
|
Red Climbing Mouse (V. fulva)
|
|
|
Millardia
Division |
|
Cremnomys
|
Cutch Rat (C. cutchicus) · Elvira Rat (C. elvira)
|
|
Diomys
|
Crump's Mouse (D. crumpi)
|
|
Madromys
|
Blanford's Rat (M. blanfordi)
|
|
Millardia
(Asian
soft-furred rats)
|
Sand-colored Soft-furred Rat (M. gleadowi) · Miss Ryley's Soft-furred Rat (M. kathleenae) · Kondana Soft-furred Rat (M. kondana) · Soft-furred Rat (M. meltada)
|
|
|
Mus Division |
|
Muriculus
|
Ethiopian Striped Mouse (M. imberbis)
|
|
|
Subgenus Coelomys: Sumatran Shrewlike Mouse (M. crociduroides) · Mayor's Mouse (M. mayori) · Gairdner's Shrewmouse (M. pahari) · Volcano Mouse (M. vulcani)
M. lepidoides group: M. lepidoides
Subgenus Mus: Little Indian Field Mouse (M. booduga) · Ryukyu Mouse (M. caroli) · Fawn-colored Mouse (M. cervicolor) · Cook's Mouse (M. cookii) · Cypriot Mouse (M. cypriacus) · Servant Mouse (M. famulus) · Sheath-tailed Mouse (M. fragilicauda) · Macedonian Mouse (M. macedonicus) · House mouse (M. musculus) · Shiny Little House Mouse of Pegu (M. nitidulus) · Steppe Mouse (M. spicilegus) · Algerian Mouse (M. spretus) · Earth-colored Mouse (M. terricolor)
Subgenus Nannomys: Baoule's Mouse (M. baoulei) · Toad Mouse (M. bufo) · Callewaert's Mouse (M. callewaerti) · Gounda Mouse (M. goundae) · Hausa Mouse (M. haussa) · Desert Pygmy Mouse (M. indutus) · Mahomet Mouse (M. mahomet) · Matthey's Mouse (M. mattheyi) · African Pygmy Mouse (M. minutoides) · Temminck's Mouse (M. musculoides) · Neave's Mouse (M. neavei) · Free State Pygmy Mouse (M. orangiae) · Oubangui Mouse (M. oubanguii) · Peters's Mouse (M. setulosus) · Setzer's Pygmy Mouse (M. setzeri) · Thomas's Pygmy Mouse (M. sorella) · Delicate Mouse (M. tenellus) · Gray-Bellied Pygmy Mouse (M. triton)
Subgenus Pyromys: Ceylon Spiny Mouse (M. fernandoni) · Phillips's Mouse (M. phillipsi) · Flat-Haired Mouse (M. platythrix) · Rock-loving Mouse (M. saxicola) · Shortridge's Mouse (M. shortridgei)
|
|
|
|
|
Oenomys, Phloeomys, Pithecheir divisions |
|
Oenomys
Division |
Grammomys
|
Arid Thicket Rat (G. aridulus) · G. brevirostris · Bunting's Thicket Rat (G. buntingi) · Gray-Headed Thicket Rat (G. caniceps) · Mozambique Thicket Rat (G. cometes) · Woodland Thicket Rat (G. dolichurus) · Forest Thicket Rat (G. dryas) · Giant Thicket Rat (G. gigas) · Ruwenzori Thicket Rat (G. ibeanus) · Eastern Rainforest Thicket Rat (G. kuru) · Macmillan's Thicket Rat (G. macmillani) · Ethiopian Thicket Rat (G. minnae) · Shining Thicket Rat (G. poensis)
|
|
Lamottemys
|
Mount Oku Rat (L. okuensis)
|
|
Oenomys
(Rufous-nosed rats)
|
Common Rufous-nosed Rat (O. hypoxanthus) · Ghana Rufous-nosed Rat (O. ornatus)
|
|
Thallomys
(Acacia rats)
|
Loring's Rat (T. loringi) · Black-Tailed Tree Rat (T. nigricauda) · Acacia Rat (T. paedulcus) · Shortridge's Rat (T. shortridgei)
|
|
Thamnomys
(Thicket rats)
|
Kemp's Thicket Rat (T. kempi) · Hatt's Thicket Rat (T. major) · Charming Thicket Rat (T. venustus)
|
|
|
Phloeomys
Division |
|
Batomys
(Luzon and Mindanao
forest rats)
|
Large-toothed Hairy-tailed Rat (B. dentatus) · Luzon Hairy-tailed Rat (B. granti) · Hamiguitan Hairy-tailed Rat (B. hamiguitan) · Dinagat Hairy-tailed Rat (B. russatus) · Mindanao Hairy-tailed Rat (B. salomonseni)
|
|
Carpomys
(Luzon rats)
|
Short-footed Luzon Tree Rat (C. melanurus) · White-bellied Luzon Tree Rat (C. phaeurus)
|
|
Crateromys
(Cloudrunners)
|
Dinagat Bushy-Tailed Cloud Rat (C. australis) · Giant Bushy-Tailed Cloud Rat (C. schadenbergi) · Panay Cloudrunner (C. heaneyi) · Ilin Island Cloudrunner (C. paulus)
|
|
Phloeomys
(Slender-tailed
cloud rats)
|
Southern Giant Slender-Tailed Cloud Rat (P. cumingi) · Northern Luzon Giant Cloud Rat (P. pallidus)
|
|
|
Pithecheir
Division |
|
Eropeplus
|
Sulawesi Soft-furred Rat (E. canus)
|
|
Lenomys
|
Trefoil-toothed Giant Rat (L. meyeri)
|
|
Lenothrix
|
Gray Tree Rat (L. canus)
|
|
Margaretamys
(Margareta's rats)
|
Beccari's Margareta Rat (M. beccarii) · Elegant Margareta Rat (M. elegans) · Little Margareta Rat (M. parvus)
|
|
Pithecheir
(Monkey-footed rats)
|
Red Tree Rat (P. melanurus) · Malayan Tree Rat (P. parvus)
|
|
Pithecheirops
|
Little-eared Tree Rat (P. otion)
|
|
|
|
|
Pogonomys, Pseudomys divisions |
|
Pogonomys
Division |
Abeomelomys
|
Highland Brush Mouse (A. sevia)
|
|
Anisomys
|
Squirrel-toothed Rat (A. imitator)
|
|
Chiruromys
|
Greater Tree Mouse (C. forbesi) · Lamia (C. lamia) · Lesser Tree Mouse (C. vates)
|
|
Coccymys
|
White-Toothed Brush Mouse (C. albidens) · C. kirrhos · Rümmler's Brush Mouse (C. ruemmleri) · C. shawmayeri
|
|
Hyomys
(White-eared rats)
|
Western White-eared Giant Rat (H. dammermani) · Eastern White-eared Giant Rat (H. goliath)
|
|
Macruromys
(New Guinean rats)
|
Lesser Small-toothed Rat (M. elegans) · Eastern Small-toothed Rat (M. major)
|
|
Mallomys
(Giant tree rats)
|
De Vis's Woolly Rat (M. aroaensis) · Alpine Woolly Rat (M. gunung) · Subalpine Woolly Rat (M. istapantap) · Rothschild's Woolly Rat (M. rothschildi) · Bosavi Woolly Rat (M. sp. nov.) · Arfak Woolly Rat (M. sp. nov.) · Foja Woolly Rat (M. sp. nov.)
|
|
Mammelomys
|
Large-scaled Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. lanosus) · Large Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. rattoides)
|
|
Pogonomelomys
(Rummler's
mosaic tailed rats)
|
Lowland Brush Mouse (P. bruijni) · Shaw Mayer's Brush Mouse (P. mayeri)
|
|
Pogonomys
(Prehensile-tailed rats)
|
Champion's Tree Mouse (P. championi) · D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago Tree Mouse (P. fergussoniensis) · Large Tree Mouse (P. loriae) · Chestnut Tree Mouse (P. macrourus) · Prehensile-tailed Rat (P. mollipilosus) · Gray-bellied Tree Mouse (P. sylvestris)
|
|
Xenuromys
|
Mimic Tree-Rat (X. barbatus)
|
|
|
Pseudomys
Division |
|
Conilurus
|
Brush-Tailed Rabbit Rat (C. penicillatus)
|
|
Leggadina
|
Forrest's Mouse (L. forresti) · Lakeland Downs Mouse (L. lakedownensis)
|
|
Leporillus
(Australian
stick-nest rats)
|
Lesser Stick-nest Rat (L. apicalis) · Greater Stick-Nest Rat (L. conditor)
|
|
Mastacomys
|
Broad-toothed Mouse (M. fuscus)
|
|
Mesembriomys
(Tree rats)
|
Black-footed Tree-rat (M. gouldii) · Golden-Backed Tree Rat (M. macrurus)
|
|
Notomys
(Australian
hopping mice)
|
Spinifex Hopping Mouse (N. alexis) · Northern Hopping Mouse (N. aquilo) · Fawn Hopping Mouse (N. cervinus) · Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus) · Mitchell's Hopping Mouse (N. mitchellii)
|
|
Pseudomys
(Australian native mice)
|
Ash-grey Mouse (P. albocinereus) · Silky Mouse (P. apodemoides) · Plains Rat (P. australis) · Bolam's Mouse (P. bolami) · Kakadu Pebble-mound Mouse (P. calabyi) · Western Pebble-mound Mouse (P. chapmani) · Little Native Mouse (P. delicatulus) · Desert Mouse (P. desertor) · Shark Bay Mouse (P. fieldi) · Smoky Mouse (P. fumeus) · Eastern Chestnut Mouse (P. gracilicaudatus) · Sandy Inland Mouse (P. hermannsburgensis) · Long-tailed Mouse (P. higginsi) · Central Pebble-mound Mouse (P. johnsoni) · Western Chestnut Mouse (P. nanus) · New Holland Mouse (P. novaehollandiae) · Western Mouse (P. occidentalis) · Hastings River Mouse (P. oralis) · Country Mouse (P. patrius) · Pilliga Mouse (P. pilligaensis) · Heath Mouse (P. shortridgei)
|
|
Zyzomys
(Thick-tailed rats)
|
Common Rock Rat (Z. argurus) · Arnhem Land Rock Rat (Z. maini) · Carpentarian Rock Rat (Z. palatilis) · Central Rock Rat (Z. pedunculatus) · Kimberley Rock Rat (Z. woodwardi)
|
|
|
|
|
Rattus division |
|
Abditomys |
Luzon Broad-toothed Rat (A. latidens)
|
|
Bandicota
(Bandicoot rats) |
Lesser Bandicoot Rat (B. bengalensis) · Greater Bandicoot Rat (B. indica) · Savile's Bandicoot Rat (B. savilei)
|
|
Berylmys
(White-toothed rats) |
Small White-toothed Rat (B. berdmorei) · Bower's White-toothed Rat (B. bowersi) · Kenneth's White-toothed Rat (B. mackenziei) · Manipur White-toothed Rat (B. manipulus)
|
|
Bullimus |
Bagobo Rat (B. bagobus) · Camiguin Forest Rat (B. gamay) · Lagre Luzon Forest Rat (B. luzonicus)
|
|
Bunomys |
Andrew's Hill Rat (B. andrewsi) · Yellow-Haired Hill Rat (B. chrysocomus) · Heavenly Hill Rat (B. coelestis) · Fraternal Hill Rat (B. fratrorum) · Heinrich's Hill Rat (B. heinrichi) · Inland Hill Rat (B. penitus) · Long-Headed Hill Rat (B. prolatus)
|
|
Diplothrix |
Ryukyu Long-tailed Giant Rat (D. legatus)
|
|
Kadarsanomys |
Sody's Tree Rat (K. sodyi)
|
|
Komodomys |
Komodo Rat (K. rintjanus)
|
|
Limnomys |
Gray-bellied Mountain Rat (L. bryophilus) · Mindanao Mountain Rat (L. sibuanus)
|
|
Nesokia |
Bunn's Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. bunnii) · Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica)
|
|
Nesoromys |
Ceram Rat (N. ceramicus)
|
|
Palawanomys |
Palawan Soft-Furred Mountain Rat (P. furvus)
|
|
Papagomys |
Flores Giant Rat (P. armandvillei)
|
|
Paruromys |
Sulawesi Giant Rat (P. dominator)
|
|
Paulamys |
Flores Long-nosed Rat (P. naso)
|
|
Rattus
(Typical rats) |
Annandale's Rat ( R. annandalei) · Enggano Rat ( R. enganus) · Philippine Forest Rat ( R. everetti) · Polynesian Rat ( R. exulans) · Hainald's Rat ( R. hainaldi) · Hoogerwerf's Rat ( R. hoogerwerfi) · Korinch's Rat ( R. korinchi) · Nillu Rat ( R. montanus) · Molaccan Prehensile-tailed Rat ( R. morotaiensis) · Kerala Rat ( R. ranjiniae) · New Ireland Rat ( R. sanila) · Andaman Rat ( R. stoicus) · Timor Rat ( R. timorensis)
R. norvegicus group: Himalayan Field Rat ( R. nitidus) · Brown Rat (R. norvegicus) · Turkestan Rat ( R. pyctoris)
R. rattus group: Sunburned Rat ( R. adustus) · Sikkim Rat ( R. andamanensis) · Rice-field Rat ( R. argentiventer) · Summit Rat ( R. baluensis) · Aceh Rat ( R. blangorum) · Nonsense Rat ( R. burrus) · Hoffmann's Rat ( R. hoffmanni) · Koopman's Rat ( R. koopmani) · Lesser Rice-field Rat ( R. losea) · Mentawai Rat ( R. lugens) · Mindoro Black Rat ( R. mindorensis) · Little Soft-furred Rat ( R. mollicomulus) · Osgood's Rat ( R. osgoodi) · Palm Rat ( R. palmarum) · Black Rat ( R. rattus) · Sahyadris Forest Rat ( R. satarae) · Simalur Rat ( R. simalurensis) · Tanezumi Rat ( R. tanezumi) · Tawi-Tawi Forest Rat ( R. tawitawiensis) · Malayan Field Rat ( R. tiomanicus)
R. xanthurus group: Bonthain Rat ( R. bontanus) · Opossum Rat ( R. marmosurus) · Peleng Rat ( R. pelurus) · R. salocco · Yellow-tailed Rat ( R. xanthurus)
R. leucopus group: Arfak Rat ( R. arfakiensis) · Western New Guinea Mountain Rat ( R. arrogans) · Sula Rat ( R. elaphinus) · Spiny Ceram Rat ( R. feliceus) · Giluwe Rat ( R. giluwensis) · Japen Rat ( R. jobiensis) · Cape York Rat ( R. leucopus) · Eastern Rat ( R. mordax) · Moss-forest Rat ( R. niobe) · New Guinean Rat ( R. novaeguineae) · Arianus's Rat ( R. omichlodes) · Pocock’s Highland Rat ( R. pococki) · Spiny Rat ( R. praetor) · Glacier Rat ( R. richardsoni) · Stein's Rat ( R. steini) · Van Deusen's Rat ( R. vandeuseni) · Slender Rat ( R. verecundus)
R. fuscipes group: Dusky Rat ( R. collettia) · Bush Rat ( R. fuscipes) · Australian Swamp Rat ( R. lutreolus) · Dusky Field Rat ( R. sordidus) · Pale Field Rat ( R. tunneyi) · Long-haired Rat ( R. villosissimus)
|
|
Sundamys
(Giant Sunda rats) |
Mountain Giant Sunda Rat (S. infraluteus) · Bartels's Rat (S. maxi) · Müller's Giant Sunda Rat (S. muelleri)
|
|
Taeromys |
Salokko Rat (T. arcuatus) · Lovely-Haired Rat (T. callitrichus) · Celebes Rat (T. celebensis) · Sulawesi Montane Rat (T. hamatus) · Small-eared Rat (T. microbullatus) · Sulawesi Forest Rat (T. punicans) · Tondano Rat (T. taerae)
|
|
Tarsomys |
Long-footed Rat (T. apoensis) · Spiny Long-footed Rat (T. echinatus)
|
|
Tryphomys |
Luzon Short-nosed Rat (T. adustus)
|
|
|
|
Stenocephalomys, Uromys, Xeromys divisions |
|
Stenocephalomys
Division |
Heimyscus
|
African Smoky Mouse (H. fumosus)
|
|
Hylomyscus
(African wood mice)
|
H. aeta group: Beaded Wood Mouse (H. aeta) · H. grandis
H. alleni group: Allen's Wood Mouse (H. alleni) · Angolan Wood Mouse (H. carillus) · Stella Wood Mouse (H. stella) · Walter Verheyeni's Mouse (H. walterverheyeni)
H. anselli group: Ansell's Wood Mouse (H. anselli) · Arc Mountain Wood Mouse (H. arcimontensis)
H. baeri group: Baer's Wood Mouse (H. baeri)
H. denniae group: Montane Wood Mouse (H. denniae) · Small-footed Forest Mouse (H. endorobae) · H. vulcanorum
H. parvus group: Little Wood Mouse (H. parvus)
|
|
Mastomys
(Multimammate rats)
|
Awash Multimammate Mouse (M. awashensis) · Southern Multimammate Mouse (M. coucha) · Guinea Multimammate Mouse (M. erythroleucus) · Hubert's Multimammate Mouse (M. huberti) · Verheyen's Multimammate Mouse (M. kollmannspergeri) · Natal Multimammate Mouse (M. natalensis) · Dwarf Multimammate Mouse (M. pernanus) · Shortridge's Multimammate Mouse (M. shortridgei)
|
|
Myomyscus
(Multimammate rats)
|
Angolan Multimammate Mouse (M. angolensis) · Brockman's Rock Mouse (M. brockmani) · Verreaux's Mouse (M. verreauxii) · Yemeni Mouse (M. yemeni)
|
|
Praomys
(African
soft-furred rats)
|
P. coetzeei · Dalton's Mouse (P. daltoni) · De Graaff's Soft-furred Mouse (P. degraaffi) · Delectable Soft-furred Mouse (P. delectorum) · Deroo's Mouse (P. derooi) · Hartwig's Soft-furred Mouse (P. hartwigi) · Jackson's Soft-furred Mouse (P. jacksoni) · Lukolela Swamp Rat (P. lukolelae) · Least Soft-furred Mouse (P. minor) · Misonne's Soft-furred Mouse (P. misonnei) · Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse (P. morio) · Muton's Soft-furred Mouse (P. mutoni) · Gotel Mountain Soft-furred Mouse (P. obscurus) · Peter's Soft-furred Mouse (P. petteri) · Forest Soft-furred Mouse (P. rostratus) · Tullberg's Soft-furred Mouse (P. tullbergi) · Verschuren's Swamp Rat (P. verschureni)
|
|
Stenocephalemys
(Ethiopian
narrow-headed rats)
|
Ethiopian White-footed Mouse (S. albipes) · Ethiopian Narrow-headed Rat (S. albocaudata) · Gray-tailed Narrow-headed Rat (S. griseicauda) · Rupp's Mouse (S. ruppi)
|
|
|
Uromys Division |
|
Melomys
(Banana rats)
|
Dusky Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. aerosus) · Rossel Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. arcium) · Bannister's Rat (M. bannisteri) · Bougainville Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. bougainville) · Grassland Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. burtoni) · Cape York Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. capensis) · Short-tailed Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. caurinus) · Fawn-footed Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. cervinipes) · Yamdena Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. cooperae) · Dollman's Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. dollmani) · Manusela Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. fraterculus) · Snow Mountains Grassland Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. frigicola) · Seram Long-tailed Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. fulgens) · Riama Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. howi) · White-bellied Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. leucogaster) · Papua Grassland Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. lutillus) · Manus Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. matambuai) · Obi Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. obiensis) · Pavel's Seram Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. paveli) · Bramble Cay Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. rubicola) · Black-tailed Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. rufescens) · Buka Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. spechti) · Long-tailed Talaud Mosaic-tailed Rat (M. talaudium)
|
|
Paramelomys
|
Gressit's Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. gressitti) · Long-nosed Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. levipes) · Lorentz's Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. lorentzii) · Thomas's Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. mollis) · Moncton's Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. moncktoni) · P. naso · Lowland Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. platyops) · Mountain Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. rubex) · P. steini
|
|
Protochromys
|
Red-bellied Mosaic-tailed Rat (P. fellowsi)
|
|
Solomys
(Naked-tailed rats)
|
Poncelet's Giant Rat (S. ponceleti) · Florida Naked-tailed Rat (S. salamonis) · Bougainville Naked-tailed Rat (S. salebrosus) · Isabel Naked-tailed Rat (S. sapientis) · Buka Island Naked-tailed Rat (S. spriggsarum)
|
|
Uromys
(Giant naked-tailed rats)
|
Giant Naked-tailed Rat (U. anak) · Biak Giant Rat (U. boeadii) · Giant White-tailed Rat (U. caudimaculatus) · Emma's Giant Rat (U. emmae) · Masked White-tailed Rat (U. hadrourus) · Bismarck Giant Rat (U. neobritanicus) · King Rat (U. rex) · Great Key Island Giant Rat (U. siebersi)
|
|
|
Xeromys Division |
|
Leptomys
|
L. arfakensis · Long-footed Water Rat (L. elegans) · Ernst Mayr's Water Rat (L. ernstmayri) · L. paulus · Fly River Water Rat (L. signatus)
|
|
Pseudohydromys
(New Guinea
false water rats)
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Bishop moss-mouse (P. berniceae) · Huon Smalltoothed Moss-mouse (P. carlae) · Laurie’s Moss-mouse (P. eleanorae) · One-toothed Shrew-mouse (P. ellermani) · Mottled-tailed Shrew Mouse (P. fuscus) · German' s One-toothed Moss Mouse (P. germani) · Eastern Shrew Mouse (P. murinus) · Musser's Shrew Mouse (P. musseri) · Western Shrew Mouse (P. occidentalis) · Woolley’s Moss-mouse (P. patriciae) · Southern Small-toothed Moss-mouse (P. pumehanae) · White-bellied Moss-mouse (P. sandrae)
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Xeromys
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False Water Rat (X. myoides)
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Otomys division |
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Myotomys
(African karoo rats) |
Sloggett's Vlei Rat (M. sloggetti) · Bush Vlei Rat (M. unisulcatus)
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Otomys
(Vlei rats) |
Angolan Vlei Rat (O. anchietae) · Angoni Vlei Rat (O. angoniensis) · Barbour's Vlei Rat (O. barbouri) · Burton's Vlei Rat (O. burtoni) · Cuanza Vlei Rat (O. cuanzensis) · Ruwenzori Vlei Rat (O. dartmouthi) · Dent's Vlei Rat (O. denti) · Dollman's Vlei Rat (O. dollmani) · Southern African Vlei Rat (O. irroratus) · Mount Elgon Vlei Rat (O. jacksoni) · Tanzanian Vlei Rat (O. lacustris) · Laminate Vlei Rat (O. laminatus) · Large Vlei Rat (O. maximus) · Western Vlei Rat (O. occidentalis) · Afroalpine Vlei Rat (O. orestes) · Saunder's Vlei Rat (O. saundersiae) · Tropical Vlei Rat (O. tropicalis) · Typical Vlei Rat (O. typus) · Uzungwe Vlei Rat (O. uzungwensis)
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Parotomys
(Whistling rats) |
Brants's Whistling Rat (P. brantsii) · Littledale's Whistling Rat (P. littledalei)
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Others |
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Mirzamys |
Mirza’s Western Moss Rat (M. louiseae) · Mirza’s Eastern Moss Rat (M. norahae)
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Musseromys |
Banahaw Tree Mouse (M. gulantang)
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